Bolivia

Cerro Rico, looming over Potosí, was the source of most of the silver that financed the Spanish Empire

Cerro Rico, looming over Potosí, was the source of most of the silver that financed the Spanish Empire

Potosí, one of those once-great cities no one has never heard of. How great? You’ve heard of the Spanish Empire, right, and how all that New World silver discovered in the 16th century financed, well, everything, right? It pretty much all came from Cerro Rico (Rich Hill) in Potosí. According to a history of the Silk Roads – the trade routes across Central Asia and the Near East I just happened to be reading before going to Potosí – the mine there accounted for more than half of all global silver production for more than 100 years. Think of that, for over a century most of the silver mined in the entire world came from one mine high in the Bolivian Andes. The author goes on to talk about the impact this Bolivian silver had on civilizations as far-flung as Spain, Italy, India, and China.

It probably goes without saying that the conditions for 16th and 17th century miners weren’t exactly up to today’s OSHA standards. Slaves, both indigenous and imported for Africa, were impressed into the mines, working six-month shifts where they never saw the light of day. Lonely Planet says it’s estimated that as many as eight million slaves died in the 280 years of colonial silver extraction.

Here I am inside Cerro Rico, near the end. Not all of the tour was this colorful and through lots of it you were walking through tunnels at most four feet high.

Here I am inside Cerro Rico, near the end. Not all of the tour was this colorful and through lots of it you were walking through tunnels at most four feet high.

We toured the mine over a couple hours one day, which consisted of essentially walking through the mountain; there wasn’t nearly as much discussion of the history of the mine or the impact the mine had on the colonial experience, the Spanish Empire, and ultimately European history as I’d hoped. Still, it was striking to be walking in the very same mine that funded Spanish imperialism. You enter through the same entrance and walk some of the same passageways as those built in the mid-16th century. Today they still mine very modest amounts of silver, along with tin and … other stuff the tour guide told us about. The thought of staying in there for weeks on end was pretty overwhelming, and even today the conditions are abysmal. Potosí miners still have substantially lowered life expectations due primarily to the dust and various chemicals they inhale all day, every day.

A cute kid giving me a high five while parading in honor of Holy Week

A cute kid giving me a high five while parading in honor of Holy Week

Though it was once the largest and wealthiest city in all of the Americas, today Potosí is not much. The hotel and restaurant situation wasn’t much to write home about and the once-glorious churches are crumbling. Still, it had its charms. We arrived to the twinkling sounds of little kids parading in honor of Holy Week – Semana Santa – which made us think it would be a colorful place for a few days. What it meant in practice was that the only supposedly good restaurant in town was closed. And that from Holy Thursday through Easter Sunday no alcohol could be sold. Yikes – what is with these people?

A couple days in Potosí was just about all that was needed; a great if somewhat depressing taste of history. From here it’s on to Sucre, one of Bolivia’s capital cities.

We arrived to a parade of cute kids

We arrived to a parade of cute kids

Though not all the kids seemed quite as happy. Even his palm leaf is sad.

Though not all the kids seemed quite as happy. Even his palm leaf is sad.

Mark & I with our guide Wilson, himself a former miner, after our tour of Cerro Rico. You definitely needed the hard hat and light and face mask and all that inside the mine.

Mark & I with our guide Wilson, himself a former miner, after our tour of Cerro Rico. You definitely needed the hard hat and light and face mask and all that inside the mine.

Wilson & I high above the city, on the walk back to our bus

Wilson & I high above the city, on the walk back to our bus

A great big German Shepherd on a balcony saw a smaller dog down below and really wanted down there

A great big German Shepherd on a balcony saw a smaller dog down below and really wanted down there

And finally, these tigers were all over central Potosí when we got in. We never figured out the significance of them, but they all seemed to like Mark.

And finally, these tigers were all over central Potosí when we got in. We never figured out the significance of them, but they all seemed to like Mark.

You can avoid the chaos below by flying across the city on Mi Teleréfico.

You can avoid the chaos below by flying across the city on Mi Teleréfico.

I knew that Bolivia’s capital, Nuestra Señora de la Paz, is the highest capital city in the world. But somehow I pictured a remote, sleepy Andean retreat. Instead we discovered a chaotic city of a million souls spilling improbably down the sides of a steep canyon.

On the map La Paz looks like a short hop from the shores of Lake Titicaca. But our bus took its time winding through the rugged mountains of the Central Andes. As in the Sacred Valley of Peru I was stunned by the drama of the landscape. The colors are so vivid — deep blue sky, bright green trees, and billowing snow-white clouds. As I contemplated the drama of the clouds a thought suddenly occurred to me: Perhaps they are so stunning simply because we are so much closer to them! Here we are rolling through the landscape at 12,000 feet. Planes fly at 30,000 feet, and they are way above the clouds. So we must be roughly halfway to them. No wonder they form such an integral part of the landscape.

A cemetery peeks out from the roadside, backed by those stunning Andean clouds

A cemetery peeks out from the roadside, backed by those stunning Andean clouds

I was wondering how we were going to get across this narrow stretch of Lake Titicaca to cross into La Paz. Most of us passengers took a little speedboat, as our bus boarded this primitive looking ferry. A few sleeping Bolivians were left in the bus the whole time.

I was wondering how we were going to get across this narrow stretch of Lake Titicaca to cross into La Paz. Most of us passengers took a little speedboat, as our bus boarded this primitive looking ferry. A few sleeping Bolivians were left in the bus the whole time.

The Spanish founded La Paz in 1548 in a narrow bowl in this canyon, surrounded by the high altiplano. As the city grew it climbed up the walls of the canyon and spilled out into vast suburbs in the altiplano. The result is a city that ranges in elevation from 10,500 ft. to 13,500 ft. Transportation is a nightmare of long, twisting, clogged streets — until the birth of Mi Teleréfico.

Inaugurated in 2014, this will be the world’s most extensive (and only) rapid transit network consisting primarily of aerial cable cars. Today three lines — red, yellow, and green — whisk passengers from station to station, rising and falling over steep Andean peaks in between. The cars leave every 11 seconds, so you virtually never wait. Then you fly above the density and traffic, enjoying stunning views all the while — all for less than 50 cents a ride. Heck, you’d pay $15 for a ride like this in some other city! Seven more lines are in the planning stages.

It's nice to fly above the twisted chaotic streets of La Paz in a sleek cable car

It’s nice to fly above the twisted chaotic streets of La Paz in a sleek cable car

Back down in the colorful streets of central La Paz

Back down in the colorful streets of central La Paz

Looking across the roof of Iglesia San Francisco in central La Paz

Looking across the roof of Iglesia San Francisco in central La Paz

In the bell tower of Iglesia San Francisco

In the bell tower of Iglesia San Francisco

We enjoyed the modern Bolivian art at the Museum of Contemporary Art, but it was especially cool just to wander through the halls of this 19th century mansion partly designed by Gustave Eiffel

We enjoyed the modern Bolivian art at the Museum of Contemporary Art, but it was especially cool just to wander through the halls of this 19th century mansion partly designed by Gustave Eiffel

Plaza Murillo at the heart of La Paz with the presidential palace to the left and the cathedral to the right

Plaza Murillo at the heart of La Paz with the presidential palace to the left and the cathedral to the right

The tomb of independence leader Antonio José de Sucre, where these guys aren't going to be messed with

The tomb of independence leader Antonio José de Sucre, where these guys aren’t going to be messed with

On our last night in La Paz we met up with old friends from Copacabana, Law and Meg (pictured here with Jim)

On our last night in La Paz we met up with old friends from Copacabana, Law and Meg

Happy traveloholics hiking across Isla del Sol in Lake Titicaca

Happy traveloholics hiking across Isla del Sol in Lake Titicaca

No, we didn’t hop over to Copacabana beach in Rio; Copacabana is the first town you pass through crossing the Bolivian border from Puno. Bolivia is the 46th country we’ve been in since leaving the States in May 2013, so we feel like we’re starting to make progress on this “seeing the world” thing. Overall, it’s Mark’s 91st country while I’m now at 88 countries though we have a tentative plan for me catching up later this year.

Law & Meg - with a little luck we'll meet up with them in a few days in La Paz

Law & Meg – with a little luck we’ll meet up with them in a few days in La Paz

Late afternoon view of Lake Titicaca from our hotel room

Late afternoon view of Lake Titicaca from our hotel room

It’s definitely something of a backpacker tourist city, an easy stop off between Puno and La Paz. The downside of backpacker world is that there was a real dearth of good restaurants. The upside is that you’re more likely to meet interesting people, and on a couple occasions we did so. One fun couple we met, Law & Meg, are veteran travelers and we had a great dinner one night comparing travel stories. Law – who’s spent part of his life as both a rock musician and an actor – said he’d never met anyone who’d been to more countries than his 81, and here he was with two people who’d beat him. Of course, we have a couple decades on him so he may well pass us up some day. And Meg? Well, like us she has no permanent home. She travels. And she claims to be in the Army Reserves though Mark & I weren’t absolutely certain she wasn’t Cameron Diaz; I might have to see the two of them in the same place at the same time to be certain. Fun night!

This was our third stop on Lake Titicaca and it was truly the highlight. Unlike Puno, the main part of the town here is right on the lake, and on a beautiful piece of it. We had the good fortune of brilliant blue skies which, combined with the thin air at 12,500 feet above sea level and the amazing blue waters of Titicaca, made for some amazing views. The water is just unbelievably blue and clear. And with the hills and Andes all around it’s a pretty amazing place.

In the town itself there isn’t a lot to do. Cerro Calvario (Calvary Hill) sits just northwest of the town and, at 13,010 feet makes a pleasant hike with great views of the city. The next day I decided to just take off on my own up the hills east of Copa; when I reached the end of the trail I just continued up to about 13,700 feet with a great view of the city and lake. It was about as quiet as you can imagine up there.

The view of Copacabana from Cerro Calvario

The view of Copacabana from Cerro Calvario

This was way, way above Copa, just me and some birds and a couple wandering cows

This was way, way above Copa, just me and some birds and a couple wandering cows

Part of the interesting thing is that over a couple weeks now that we’ve been high in the Andes you really can adjust to the thin air. A few years ago when we hiked the Inca Trail the highest pass we crossed was at about 14,000 feet and it damn near killed me; at this point those heights are challenging but not that difficult.

A street scene in Copacabana. Bolivia is a poor country - noticeably poorer than Peru - and you see it here in our first stop. Note the cool bowler hats the women wear; I'm sure there's a good story behind them.

A street scene in Copacabana. Bolivia is a poor country – noticeably poorer than Peru – and you see it here in our first stop. Note the cool bowler hats the women wear; I’m sure there’s a good story behind them.

The real highlight of Copa, though, was a day trip out to Isla del Sol, Island of the Sun, where Incan legend has it the sun itself was born. There are a few little villages on the island, but the highlight for us was the north-to-south trail that runs maybe eight miles along the spine of the island, affording the intrepid hiker with some pretty amazing views. It included an overly long two-hour boat ride both out and back, but the hike was more than worth it. Interestingly, Mark & I had both recently had some questions about our ability to keep hiking like this. He’d had some problem with his knee recently, and I had that ugly recurrence of a pinched nerve. In his case whatever was bothering his knee was gone, and in my case the miracle-working neurologist from Puno was, well, a miracle worker. I’m healed again, and an eight-mile hike up around 13,000 feet is pretty solid evidence. Yay!

If we had it to do again we’d probably have spent less time on Isla Suasi – it was lovely and relaxing but not as exciting – and left time to spend a night or two on Isla del Sol. We’ll keep that in mind the next time we come to Lake Titicaca. For now it’s on to La Paz, Bolivia’s capital city.

The boat ride out to Isla del Sol. We just couldn't believe how beautiful the sky and clouds and water were.

The boat ride out to Isla del Sol. We just couldn’t believe how beautiful the sky and clouds and water were.

That's Isla del Sol on the left. We were excited at the prospect of hiking across the top of it.

That’s Isla del Sol on the left. We were excited at the prospect of hiking across the top of it.

Near the start of the hike at the northern end of the island

Near the start of the hike at the northern end of the island

Greens, blues, white clouds … and some asses there, too!

Greens, blues, white clouds … and some asses there, too!

Mark - no knee pain

Mark – no knee pain

Jim - no back pain

Jim – no back pain

The trail wasn't too hard to follow

The trail wasn’t too hard to follow

There was ancient Incan terracing all over the island

There was ancient Incan terracing all over the island

As you'd look across the lake to the mainland you could see snow-capped Andean peaks in the distance

As you’d look across the lake to the mainland you could see snow-capped Andean peaks in the distance

More Incan terraces

More Incan terraces

More Mark on the Incan-paved trail. To this day there are no vehicles on the island so this is how people get around.

More Mark on the Incan-paved trail. To this day there are no vehicles on the island so this is how people get around.

Does he look happy?

Does he look happy?

That's me nearing the high point of the journey

That’s me nearing the high point of the journey

As we neared the end of the hike we crossed this cute little church

As we neared the end of the hike we crossed this cute little church